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3D revolution: How BIM technology helps in constructions - Infobae
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Revolución en 3D: cómo la tecnología BIM permite hacer un edificio antes de construirse para evitar problemas y optimizar costos
Este software, en constante crecimiento, transformó la construcción de viviendas al permitir la creación virtual de edificios, innovación adoptada por desarrolladoras. Permite minimizar y anticipar posibles interferencias entre instalaciones, estructuras y materiales
www.infobae.com
November 08, 23
3D revolution: How BIM technology allows you to make a building before it is built to avoid problems and optimize costs
This methodology, in constant growth, transformed housing construction by allowing the virtual creation of buildings, an innovation adopted by developers. It allows minimizing and anticipating possible interferences between installations, structures and materials.
By José Luis Cieri
Technology and artificial intelligence cooperate to be able to design buildings in 3D before they are built. This allows you to optimize costs and minimize construction risks.
The name BIM, abbreviation for Building Information Modeling , translatable into Spanish as Intelligent Building Modeling, is linked to the specialized methodology that provides designers with the ability to create three-dimensional models on the computer, enriched with associated alphanumeric data. This technology is among the main innovations in the construction industry, it is commonly used in the world and is expanding among housing development companies and material suppliers in our country.
Architect Guillermo Winocur of Arquicad explained to Infobae that a wall not only houses information about its three-dimensional structure. “Also,” he explained, “it allows the assignment of materials and finishes. This, in turn, facilitates the automatic generation of cost estimates and budgets. The origin of this innovation dates back to professor and researcher Chuck Eastman , who initiated the development of these research systems, solid and parametric modeling for the construction industry at the University of California, United States.
In short, BIM is a collaborative work methodology to create and manage construction projects by centralizing all project information in a digital information model created by all the agents involved.
Integral approach
“It represents a comprehensive approach to the design, construction and management of construction projects, based on the creation and use of 3D digital models. These models allow a detailed representation of all aspects of a building or infrastructure project, from its geometry to the data and attributes associated with each component,” architect Lucrecia Real , consultant and implementer of the BIM methodology, explained to Infobae.Additionally, the collaborative process spans the entire life cycle of a project, from the design and construction phase to asset management, including operation and maintenance.
One of the most notable advantages lies in the ability of BIM to anticipate and solve problems efficiently, as it allows the early detection of potential failures, incidents or anomalies in operation and allows direct interaction with professionals.
Key aspects include intelligent 3D models, which represent the geometry of the elements and establish relationships between them. Put briefly and simply, BIM consists of building digitally, before building physically.
Virtual model of the Aurus project (Photo Courtesy: Blend)
“It is based on the creation, management and coordination of 3-dimensional models, which in turn serve as a database that provides us with detailed information about a construction project, from its design to its operation and maintenance. We model the building digitally and extract the tender or construction plans for those buildings, which is what our clients require. But since it is also a database, you can request endless information related to the work, facilitating coordination between the different parties involved in a project and improving efficiency throughout the entire life cycle of the building,” he said. Martín López , CEO of Blend.
How does it apply
BIM is applied in both architectural and infrastructure projects to improve efficiency and quality at all stages of the project, from design to construction and long-term management.This allows construction in 3D and evaluating how the structure would respond to adverse conditions, such as high winds. Consequently, in the future, it could contribute to reducing the risk of collapse due to various causes.
Some of the functionalities can be for:
-Design and planning: Used to create detailed 3D models of projects.
A development in the Puerto Madero area (Photo Courtesy: Estudio FLAH)
-Topography: BIM integrates with topographic and geospatial data to create accurate surface models, which is essential in infrastructure projects.
-Analysis and simulation: They can be used to perform energy, lighting, acoustics and other aspects related to building performance. This helps optimize the design in terms of energy efficiency and comfort.
-Documentation: also used to generate construction plans and documentation. Changes to the model are automatically reflected on the drawings, reducing the time and effort required to keep documentation up to date.
-Resource Management: Used to manage resources such as materials, machinery and labor more efficiently, which helps control project costs and schedule.
-Monitoring: During construction, actual progress can be compared with the projected digital model, facilitating early detection of deviations and problems.
-Asset Management: After construction, BIM can be used for asset management, facilitating long-term maintenance and operation of the building.
Pros and cons
Its use grants positive and negative issues to a lesser extent. Among the benefits are the following:-Improves efficiency in project planning and execution.
-Facilitates collaboration between multidisciplinary teams.
-Reduces errors and times during construction.
-Improves the visualization and understanding of the project.
-Allows better control of costs and deadlines.
Facilitates maintenance and management of updated information.
-Identify and prevent potential conflicts and collisions between different components of a construction project before they occur on site, helping to reduce construction costs and conflict resolution times.
Intelligent modeling also allows for future planning and enables preventive maintenance of the property once built (Photo Courtesy: Estudio FLAH)
In turn, there are some disadvantages, including:
-It requires investment in software and, above all, in continuous training: over time it evolved from a technological tool to a methodology that requires specific know-how.
-It implies a digital transformation that leads to a transformation of work teams and organizational designs. Like any cultural change, its implementation requires time and effort.
-There may be resistance to change in the industry.
-It involves many actors and disciplines that intervene in the execution of a work. For its effective implementation, adequate coordination and collaboration is necessary.
-It is not applicable to any type of project.
-Requires good data management and documentation.
Advances
Experts agree that in recent years there have been significant advances.According to Real, BIM expands towards management and maintenance, associating each element of the model with crucial data such as technical specifications, installation dates, maintenance, estimated useful life, replacement costs, among others. This facilitates the scheduling and management of preventive maintenance, as well as the recording of the inventory of materials, spare parts and resources when necessary.
In this area, artificial intelligence also poses new challenges, such as generative planning and design.
Relevant parameters and data such as site information, customer requirements, premises regulations, available materials and more are entered.
Costs and remote utilization
It allows you to properly locate pipes and electrical wiring to minimize future risks (Photo Courtesy: Blend)
This methodology allows its use remotely, which means that, even if you are traveling in Germany, the right person can communicate with the construction managers and provide them with instructions on how to act in the event of an accident during the execution of a building.
“It can be implemented remotely, it is one of its advantages. Logically, part of the team always has to be in the place where the construction is being carried out, but the teams can be largely formed remotely,” said López.
This technology allows the creation of three-dimensional models of the final building from simple elements such as walls, doors, windows, slabs, among others. It even has the ability to model organic shapes, which is currently being applied in cutting-edge projects.
When it comes to the cost of implementing it in home construction, it does not differ significantly from the cost associated with CAD technologies. Purchasing a license has an estimated value of USD 2,350 plus VAT and requires a standard computer with adequate graphics capabilities. It is important to take into account the initial cost of adaptation, since working with BIM implies a different approach than working in 2 dimensions.
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